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Separated by the River Wear in southern County Durham sits town of Sunderland. Though the present day city is thought to lie south of the river, its historic beginnings lie on the north shore. In 674 AD, the Saxon King Ecgfrithe granted land to a nobleman by the name of Benedict Biscop. A monastery was constructed, which is now the site of St. Peter's church, and the area became known as Monkwearmouth. Eventually part of the land was separated or sundered from the monastery property. This land became the city of Sunderland. The two sides of the city were once linked by a ferry though now there are two bridges.
The north region of the city contains the ruins of the 14th century Hylton Castle, formerly an 11th century manor estate. The structure was designed as a private residence and as a protective fortress. The city was used mainly as a port for shipping coal, but as early as the 14th century, records indicate there were shipbuilders among the citizens. By 1814, Sunderland had 24 shipyards, which soon increased to 65. Reports estimate the city supplied at least one quarter of the country's naval vessels during WWII. The industry eventually closed during the late 20th century, much to the dismay of the city's citizens. Today, Sunderland is a busy metropolis having all the attractions of a large city.
Activities and Attractions
The remains of the impressive four story, gothic Hylton Castle welcome guests to explore the structure and grounds. Originally a wooden manor, the building was transformed into a stone castle during the 14th century. The Hylton family owned the property for over 700 years.
To the northeast of the castle lie the ruins of the medieval St. Catherine chapel. Another historic building in the area is St. Peter's Church, a stone structure, originally built in the 7th century. Though renovated and maintained, the west wall and tower are of Saxon origin. The church contains a rare, large collection of stained glass created by 7th century craftsmen.
Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens traces the history of the area from prehistoric times to present modern day man. The facility contains artefacts and interactive exhibits along with video presentations to entertain guests of all ages. The gardens contain over 2000 species of rare plants obtained from all over the world. Exhibits include water features and wildlife through various walkways. The facility also contains an art gallery comprised of paintings and works also gathered from around the globe.
The Edwardian styled Sunderland Empire Theatre might be an historic location, but contains modern amenities and regularly provides a wide variety of live performances.
Places to Stay and Dining
Famous hotels provide visitors with fantastic waterfront views in addition to luxurious accommodations. The facilities contain modern communication technology along with a fitness centre and indoor pool. Local renovated Victorian homes contain self-catering apartments. Each flat usually has a fully equipped kitchen, laundry facilities and an expansive lounge area with digital televisions and DVD players.
The Asiana Fusion is a modern restaurant providing panoramic views of the River Wear. The extensive menu offers lunch and dinner dishes from a variety of oriental cuisines located around the world. Frank and Benny's is a New York styled Italian restaurant offering a wide array of cuisine from Italy.
Accommodation in Sunderland
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